The Psychological Impact of Infection Fear on Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations for Health Promotion

Abstract

Background: This quantitative study focused on identifying and analyzing factors related to the fear of COVID-19 infection among HCWs in Qom Province, Iran, to guide targeted health promotion strategies during the pandemic. Method: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 385, healthcare personnel and health bases, including physicians, dentists, nurses, and health workers, who participated in this study in 2023 – 2024.Data was collected using the standard S19-HCPS questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Results indicated that 50.1% of the study population were male. "Willingness to care for patients" was the most reported stigma dimension among HCWs at 56.7%, while "health policies" was the least at 31.7%. Stepwise linear regression revealed significant associations between stigma dimensions and "fear or anxiety of contracting the disease." Notably, fears of spreading the disease, societal rejection, and job loss correlated with increased anxiety levels, while "being judged by others" did not. Conclusion: COVID-19 significantly affects healthcare workers' (HCWs) mental health due to fear of infection, impacting their performance and quality of life, similar to stressors from seasonal influenza and other respiratory illnesses. A comprehensive approach is needed, including structured education, routine mental health screenings, peer support, and confidential counseling. Health promotion should focus on practical coping skills, fostering a psychologically safe workplace, and reducing stigma through open dialogue. Prioritizing HCWs' mental well-being is essential for effective healthcare responses and long-term public health, especially with new COVID-19 variants. Clinical Trial Number: IRCT20221210056772N1-Registration date: 2023-01-15

Keywords: COVID-19, Healthcare Workers, fear of infection, psychological impact, Pandemic, Health Promotion