Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Health Promotion Perspectives 2228-6497 16 1 2026 06 06 Development and Content Validation of The Health Promoting Sports Club Observational Tool 63 73 10.34172/hpp.45562 EN Stacey Johnson https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2188-7873 Petra Ozbolt https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6620-588X Louana Friche Kevin Barros https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9750-7678 Florance Rostan https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9070-4267 Thierry Fauchard https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5711-4869 Aurélie Van Hoye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0495-4747 Susanna Geidne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5093-4958 Anne Vuillemin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5778-0285 Journal Article 10.34172/hpp.45562 2025 12 05 2026 02 16 Introduction: A lack of rigorous, objective measurement of health promotion (HP) in sports clubs has been identified. This study developed and validated content of an observational tool for sports managers to evaluate HP within their clubs. Methods: First, a rapid literature review identified sports club HP observational tools and their development process. Second, a 3-round Delphi study gathered feedback from 69 sports stakeholders to design a checklist. Round 1 created items and observation areas; Round 2 obtained feedback, item suggestions and reformulations; Round 3 structured items into a checklist and rated them on three indicators. Third, experts categorized items into health determinants from the health promoting sports club (HPSC) model and drafted a user’s guide. Results: The rapid review yielded 11 studies, including tools for injury surveillance, coaching behaviours, alcohol management, referee-athlete interaction and motivation, but none directed at HP. The Delphi study round 1 included 18 respondents formulating 24 items organized into: Locker room, Website, Cafeteria & Food Offerings and Facilities & Surroundings. Round 2 included 31 respondents validating 43 items and reformulating ‘Locker room’ into ‘Locker and Restrooms’. Round 3 included 21 respondents validating 36 items separated into the four areas. Five researchers categorized items into Economic (n=5), Environmental (n=16), Organizational (n=17) and Social (n=9) health determinants. The HPSC Observational Tool includes a user’s guide, a checklist including scoring methods and recommendations. Conclusion: This study provides an innovative observational tool for sports managers to assess their club’s HP. Sports managers can directly evaluate specific areas and follow recommendations for improvement.